What side effects can inappropriate levels of cortisol cause?

Inappropriate Levels of Cortisol: The Side Effects

Cortisol, often referred to as the “stress hormone,” plays a crucial role in many of our body's functions. Produced by the adrenal glands, it helps regulate blood sugar levels, metabolism, inflammation, and memory formulation. It also plays a significant role in the body's stress response. However, when cortisol levels aren't appropriately balanced, it can lead to several side effects.

High Levels of Cortisol

High cortisol levels—often a result of chronic stress, excessive caffeine intake, lack of sleep, and certain diseases such as Cushing's syndrome—can lead to several adverse side effects. These can include rapid weight gain in the face, chest, and abdomen, a flushed and round face, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, mood swings, increased thirst and frequency of urination, and skin changes, including bruising and purpura (Mayo Clinic, 2021). High cortisol levels can also disrupt sleep, lower the immune response, and cause problems with digestion.

Low Levels of Cortisol

On the other hand, low cortisol levels—often associated with certain conditions such as Addison's disease—can also pose health problems. Symptoms can include fatigue, unintentional weight loss, skin discoloration, low blood pressure, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and muscle weakness (Mayo Clinic, 2018). If not treated, low cortisol levels can lead to an Addisonian crisis, a life-threatening situation that requires immediate medical attention.

In conclusion, maintaining balanced cortisol levels is crucial for good health. If you notice any symptoms of high or low cortisol, please consult your healthcare provider.